Stimulant laxatives. These cause the muscles of the small intestine and colon to move their contents more quickly, and they increase the amount of water in the stool, either by reducing the water’s absorption by the colon or by causing it to secrete in the small intestine. The most commonly-used stimulant laxatives contain castor oil, senna, and aloe. They are very effective, but can cause severe diarrhea, which could lead to dehydration and electrolyte loss (especially potassium). They are also more likely to cause intestinal cramping than other laxatives. Chronic use may damage the colon and worsen constipation. Bisacodyl affects the nerves of the colon, which stimulate its muscles to move. Prunes also contain a mild colonic stimulant.

Enemas are another effective treatment for constipation, and many different types are available. By distending the rectum, all enemas stimulate the colon to contract and eliminate stool, but some contain the same ingredients available in laxatives that work the same way. Saline enemas draw water into the colon; phosphate enemas stimulate the colon’s muscles; mineral oil and emollient enemas soften hard stool. Enemas are particularly useful to treat impaction (hardening of stool in the rectum). Frequent use of enemas can disturb the fluids and electrolytes in the body, particularly with tap water enemas. Soapsuds enemas can seriously damage the rectum, and are not advisable. Suppositories are also available for treating constipation, including stimulant suppositories containing bisacodyl, and glycerin suppositories that are believed irritate the rectum. The insertion of the finger into the rectum when the suppository is placed may itself stimulate a bowel movement.

Laxatives should only be used if a doctor so advises. Like laxatives, overuse of enemas can result in the bowel losing its ability to work on its own. Again, a doctor’s advice should be sought prior to using this treatment. Never use hot water, peroxide, household detergents, or strong hypertonic salt solutions, as these can irritate the bowel and result in rectal bleeding, weakness, shock, convulsions, or even coma. As for hemorrhoids, most often, they resolve themselves. However, a high fiber diet, increased fluid intake, and exercise will help prevent them, and over-the-counter treatments such as zinc oxide and hydrocortisone creams, witch hazel pads, and topical anti-inflammatories can help relieve itching, swelling and discomfort. Cool compresses and 10-minute stints sitting in a warm tub will also provide relief. Fluids produced by the intestinal tract may irritate hemorrhoids, so washing the anus with cool water and soap may remove this fluid, reduce the swelling and increase blood supply for quicker healing.

Note: Statements in this article may not be approved by the FDA, and should not be considered as professional medical advice.